Or, put simply, the mortars are the regiment’s answer to their local problems and the 25 Pounders are the division’s answer to the division’s problems. Our mortar teams usually had three positions to move between whenever possible unless in well dug in mortar pits. Additionally the 2” mortar was the platoon’s answer to its problems. For the section it was the grenade. In a French section the rifle grenade was their’s. Ideally counter battery fire comes from the heavier guns which are out of range of the enemy 25 Pounder equivalent; if the enemy are kind enough to oblige and not use their own heavy guns. Today the most modern SP guns can set up, fire a mission and move off to another location within 90 seconds. Modern drones and so forth produce the same problem as the old KGB found when they moved into using western computers to watch over phone lines etc. the sheer amount of information overwhelms the ability to sort it in real time. This is where AI will have a say soon, if not already and breaking the AI judgement system will follow to decoy batteries into wasting fire and revealing their positions.
Sir John Valentine Carden Survives. Part 2.
- Thread starter allanpcameron
- Start date
Totally agree, The 3 inch or 81mm in my day were the Bn indirect firepower. And were controlled by the Bn Fire Control Centre and thus by the Bn CO. The FCC allowed any dedicated Arty assets (normally only a battery if we were lucky) to interface with the Bn mortar fire plan and allow adjustments. So the 6 tube platoon handing three different FPF's could consolidate to a four tube FPF and a two FPF while the Arty Bty handled the most dangerous FPF. There was always one Coy in depth so they did not need an FPF. With 9 bttys available to the division ( after 1941), that meant that every Bn had a battery in Direct Support so this was not uncommon. And with the principle that at least one Bn per bde was in reserve as a counter attack force, that meant, that until the reserve Bn in each Bde was called into action, there was a spare Btty per Bde available to give support to the two front Line Bns in the Bde. So if you were lucky, you had maybe two bttys in support, one in DS and one in GS. As well as your organic mortars.
2 inch mortars had gone out by my day but the platoons all had 40mm GLs by then so not much was lost.
All good points. However Allan has been very clear. They aren't piecemeal. They are intact. Along with Luft 2. And given to Bock. In the Centre...which per my previous post, doubles his number ,and in terms of quality vastly more so, of Panzers as well as giving him a dedicated Luftwaffe group. We know what Pazners were sent to NA in 1941/42. Those were majority top of the line model PZr IVs. Now they are fresh and shiny in the centre with Air support and fuel. OTL ,With only 400 or so , mostly worn down mix of older Panzers and relying on Symphoning off Luft 4 from the South ( which meant a lot more fuel used and southern group lacking in Air Support) Bock held off Soviet offensive in May, 250,000 Soviet casualties and 1200 russian tanks. He just lacked the power to take advantage of the huge gap in the lines to secure the Don after defeating Timoshenko. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Kharkov ITTL he has those resources. Perhaps just as importantly Luft 4 can stay focused on supporting the south.
Derek Pullem
Donor
German tanks sent in 1st half of Jan. 42
Until now I believed that a total of 54 tanks tanks had been sent from Italy to the Afrikakorps on the M.43 convoy on 5 Jan 42. Jan very kindly sent me the loading lists for the convoy. From these…
rommelsriposte.com
Have you a different source? My understanding was that PzIII was the backbone of Afrika Korps until late in 1942
Look More Closely Later
Gone Fishin'
Taking a fishing trip, but wishing the thread a Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year.
Well if you feel that sort of selfish behaviour is more important than Alt Hist.com then fine - I suppose we should wish you a Merry Christmas and a happy new year right back at ya!
Not in early 42 , at Gazala May 1942 ( from my notes I think originally taken from a post on forum.axishistory.com )
-15. Panzer Division – von Vaerst
----8. Panzer Regiment
------I. Panzer Abteilung - 3 x leichte Panzer Kompanien, 1 x mittler Panzer Kompanie
------II. Panzer Abteilung - 3 x leichte Panzer Kompanien, 1 x mittler Panzer Kompanie
[TOTALS – ToE
Rgt. HQ – 5 x Pz II, 2 x PzBef III
Pz. Abt. – HQ – 5 x Pz II, 1 x Pz III, 2 x PzBef III; Kp. Total – 20 x Pz II, 66 x Pz III, 10 x Pz IV)
Rgt. Total ToE – 55 x Pz II, 6 x PzBef III, 134 x Pz III, 20 x Pz IV
Total Actual Regimental Strength = 29 x Pz II, 4 x PzBef, 131 x Pz IIIh, 3 x Pz IIIj, 22 x Pz IVe]
--21. Panzer Division – von Bismarck
----5. Panzer Regiment
------I. Panzer Abteilung - 3 x leichte Panzer Kompanien, 1 x mittler Panzer Kompanie
------II. Panzer Abteilung - 3 x leichte Panzer Kompanien, 1 x mittler Panzer Kompanie
[TOTALS – ToE
Rgt. HQ – 5 x Pz II, 2 x PzBef III
Pz. Abt. – HQ – 5 x Pz II, 1 x Pz III, 2 x PzBef III; Kp. Total – 20 x Pz II, 66 x Pz III, 10 x Pz IV)
Rgt. Total ToE – 55 x Pz II, 6 x PzBef III, 134 x Pz III, 20 x Pz IV
Total Actual Regimental Strength = 29 x Pz II, 4 x PzBef, 107 x Pz IIIh, 15 x Pz IIIj, 19 x Pz IVe]
You are correct, and I stand corrected. Thank you. That's what I love about this forum. The majority of shipments by Mid '42 were Panzer IIIs. There are multiple sources, this German fella at crusader project https://rommelsriposte.com/2008/07/16/supply-statistics-for-north-africa/ is incredibly detailed and has spent a bonkers amount of time looking up Italian shipping records. He only lists ones he has found records for so it's probably a slight undercount. I'm glad he wasn't in charge of German logistics in the war or my Grandad may not have made it back from El Alamein!! Later ( late '42 and 43) is harder so he groups them. Panzer IIIs were the most numerous. and the vast majority sent in the exact time that ITTL Germany is sending them East instead. Taking Allan's dates of when they gave up (early) and assuming it takes some time to get a fresh Panzer onto a Italian ship ready to race the gauntlet... Bock is gonna have at least double the number of Panzer, lots and lots and IIIs ( 300+ ) and 100+ of IVs. The site also lists the incredible amount of supplies sent ( and sunk) , trucks, artillery and fuel (Rommel was not a cheap date) That's assuming that Germany hasn't responded to Valiant success by upgrading / upping production. Oh and of course there are hundreds more Italian vehicles that presumably Sofia Loren's missing husband gets to enjoy in this version.....Uranus is going to be a lot tougher for Big Joe if even possible.German tanks sent in 1st half of Jan. 42
Until now I believed that a total of 54 tanks tanks had been sent from Italy to the Afrikakorps on the M.43 convoy on 5 Jan 42. Jan very kindly sent me the loading lists for the convoy. From these…
Have you a different source? My understanding was that PzIII was the backbone of Afrika Korps until late in 1942T
allanpcameron
Donor
The figures from here:
Total D.A.K. Arrived by 15/11/41: 411 total, 70 Pz 1, 91 Pz II, 177 Pz III, 39, Pz IV, 34 Pz Jgr. I am presuming all these were lost.
Total D.A.K. Arrived by 31/03/42: 720 total, 70 Pz I, 126 Pz II, 393 Pz III, 77 Pz IV, 38 PzJgr I, 16 SFL Diana & 7.5.
So I reckon what are available 309 total, 0 Pz, 35 Pz II, 216 Pz III, 38 Pz IV, 4 Pz Jgr I, 16 SFL Diana & 7.5.
What is perhaps more worthy of note is that the Italians ITTL:
Total D.A.K. Arrived by 15/11/41: 411 total, 70 Pz 1, 91 Pz II, 177 Pz III, 39, Pz IV, 34 Pz Jgr. I am presuming all these were lost.
Total D.A.K. Arrived by 31/03/42: 720 total, 70 Pz I, 126 Pz II, 393 Pz III, 77 Pz IV, 38 PzJgr I, 16 SFL Diana & 7.5.
So I reckon what are available 309 total, 0 Pz, 35 Pz II, 216 Pz III, 38 Pz IV, 4 Pz Jgr I, 16 SFL Diana & 7.5.
What is perhaps more worthy of note is that the Italians ITTL:
I seem to recall that by El Alemain the 2 Panzer Divisions had just 20 Long barrel PZIV each - the rest of the PZIV estate were older short 75mm armed tanks
Some interesting information on production vs losses on the eastern front in 2nd half of 1941
There is a 'Feldgrey' (?) website somewhere that lists Panzer type production by month but the link I have times out
Some interesting information on production vs losses on the eastern front in 2nd half of 1941
There is a 'Feldgrey' (?) website somewhere that lists Panzer type production by month but the link I have times out
Production Stats on German AFVs 1938-1945 - Feldgrau
Vehicleto 193819381939194019411942194319441945TotalTanksNeubaufahrzeuge33Pz Kpfw I14931493Pz Kpfw I nA4040Pz Kpfw I nA verst3030Pz Kpfw
www.feldgrau.com
Ramp-Rat
Monthly Donor
Will the extra armoured vehicles made available to the Germans, by their withdrawal from North Africa, make a difference to their campaign in the Soviet Union in 1942, to which the easy answer is yes. However this will not cause a collapse of the Soviets, as the fundamental problems that the Germans suffered from, both from their entry into the war and their subsequent decision to invade the Soviet Union, still exist. Germany like all of the principle axis powers started the war without a secure supply and vertualy unlimited supply of oil. Even the UK, which had a minuscule domestic oil supply, and despite the best efforts of the Kriegsmarine was able to import from her own overseas territories, foreign territories were she controlled the oil industry, such as Iran, and others where she was able to purchase oil, plus America. More petroleum products than the Germans were able to throughout the war in any one year, and had in reserve more petroleum than the yearly consumption of Germany. Hitler had a fantasy that all he had to do, was knock on the door and the rotten Soviet system would collapse in short order. This failed to take into account the following factors, and was based on his and his fellow Nazis along with the German Generals total lack of knowledge and understanding of what they faced.
Starting at the top, they were about to take on a campaign against a far larger army, which not only had a massive potential reserve of troops, but also thanks to the Soviet Japanese treaty could concentrate all of its forces against just one enemy. Unlike the Germans who had yet to defeat the British and faced a second front, if only at sea and in the air for now. Not forgetting that the British were up to their historic tricks of raiding the European coastline, thus requiring the Germans to maintain significant military forces in the west. Note that ITTL and OTL, the Germans didn’t manage to raid the British Isles from the sea once, and once they were committed to the invasion of the Soviet Union, were only able to conduct tip and run air attacks. Where as the British conducted numerous raids against them and were steadily building up their strategic bombing operations, which required the retention of aircraft and anti aircraft guns. The Germans were reliant on a quick victory, given just how inadequate their supply and logistics were, didn’t have a plan B to hand in the event that plan A didn’t work. And they totally failed to consider the political situation in the Soviet Union. Stalin was a ruthless dictator prepared to sacrifice millions of lives to achieve his goals, and he had at his side one of history’s most effective secret police commanders, Beria. Who despite being a totally vile creature with unspeakable personal vices, was not only in many cases pragmatic, he increased the rations of the slave labourers in the Gulags, because he wanted them to work not just starve to death. But also knew just how far he could go without setting off a counterrevolution, and thus his own downfall, along side that of his fellow members of the apparatchiks .
Stalin and the remainder of the apparatchiks, having seen and in many cases taken part in the treatment of the Tsar, his family and numerous others of the old order. Knew very well what the fate of they and their families would be if they lost their hold on the of reins of power and they were subjected to the wrath of the mob. If they were lucky they would get put up against a wall and be shot, or receive a bullet in the back of the head, either before or after their family. However they stood a good chance of being torn limb from limb, or strung up from the nearest lamppost, in front of a braying mob. These men were riding the back of a very hungry Tiger and if they once lost control were doomed, and surrendering to the Germans was not an option. They were prepared to sacrifice any number of their own people, force them into inhumane conditions to retain their hold on power. An American factory worker expected to receive animal protein three times a day and have at least one day of a week and expect in the most unusual conditions work a 12 hour day. His/hers British counterpart expected animal protein twice a day and expected a day off each week, and while working a 10 to 12 hour shift, also had 20 hours a week of additional duties, such as Home Guard, Civil Defence or Fire Watching. Whereas the Soviet worker would be lucky to see animal protein once or twice a week, didn’t get a day off and was expected to put in a minimum 12 hour shift. Even during wartime the British maintained a school leaving age of 15, and unless you were an apprentice you couldn’t go down a coal mine until you were 18, and no female worked down a coal mine. In the Soviet Union you had 10 year olds working on the land, in factories and down the mines, male and female. The Soviet leaders were prepared to rule their population was a rod of steel, and were never going to give up the fight, as it was win or die.
RR.
Starting at the top, they were about to take on a campaign against a far larger army, which not only had a massive potential reserve of troops, but also thanks to the Soviet Japanese treaty could concentrate all of its forces against just one enemy. Unlike the Germans who had yet to defeat the British and faced a second front, if only at sea and in the air for now. Not forgetting that the British were up to their historic tricks of raiding the European coastline, thus requiring the Germans to maintain significant military forces in the west. Note that ITTL and OTL, the Germans didn’t manage to raid the British Isles from the sea once, and once they were committed to the invasion of the Soviet Union, were only able to conduct tip and run air attacks. Where as the British conducted numerous raids against them and were steadily building up their strategic bombing operations, which required the retention of aircraft and anti aircraft guns. The Germans were reliant on a quick victory, given just how inadequate their supply and logistics were, didn’t have a plan B to hand in the event that plan A didn’t work. And they totally failed to consider the political situation in the Soviet Union. Stalin was a ruthless dictator prepared to sacrifice millions of lives to achieve his goals, and he had at his side one of history’s most effective secret police commanders, Beria. Who despite being a totally vile creature with unspeakable personal vices, was not only in many cases pragmatic, he increased the rations of the slave labourers in the Gulags, because he wanted them to work not just starve to death. But also knew just how far he could go without setting off a counterrevolution, and thus his own downfall, along side that of his fellow members of the apparatchiks .
Stalin and the remainder of the apparatchiks, having seen and in many cases taken part in the treatment of the Tsar, his family and numerous others of the old order. Knew very well what the fate of they and their families would be if they lost their hold on the of reins of power and they were subjected to the wrath of the mob. If they were lucky they would get put up against a wall and be shot, or receive a bullet in the back of the head, either before or after their family. However they stood a good chance of being torn limb from limb, or strung up from the nearest lamppost, in front of a braying mob. These men were riding the back of a very hungry Tiger and if they once lost control were doomed, and surrendering to the Germans was not an option. They were prepared to sacrifice any number of their own people, force them into inhumane conditions to retain their hold on power. An American factory worker expected to receive animal protein three times a day and have at least one day of a week and expect in the most unusual conditions work a 12 hour day. His/hers British counterpart expected animal protein twice a day and expected a day off each week, and while working a 10 to 12 hour shift, also had 20 hours a week of additional duties, such as Home Guard, Civil Defence or Fire Watching. Whereas the Soviet worker would be lucky to see animal protein once or twice a week, didn’t get a day off and was expected to put in a minimum 12 hour shift. Even during wartime the British maintained a school leaving age of 15, and unless you were an apprentice you couldn’t go down a coal mine until you were 18, and no female worked down a coal mine. In the Soviet Union you had 10 year olds working on the land, in factories and down the mines, male and female. The Soviet leaders were prepared to rule their population was a rod of steel, and were never going to give up the fight, as it was win or die.
RR.
21 April 1942. Rhodes.
allanpcameron
Donor
21 April 1942. Rhodes.
Lord Louis Mountbatten watched through binoculars from the bridge of HMS Ramillies as the old Battleship fired broadside after broadside, the monitor HMS Terror was also firing its two 15-inch guns alongside the battleship. The Combined Operations Advisor to the Chiefs of Staff switched his attention to the line of landing craft heading towards the beach. Mountbatten had spent a few days among the Australians who were on those landing craft. He’s been most impressed by their morale. There had been a fear that the Australians might compare their lot to their forebears heading for Gallipoli, but Mountbatten found no evidence of that. Quite the contrary, the Australian troops could see clearly what the attack on Rhodes would achieve. They also knew they were as well trained, with suitable back up, and, to be honest they were up against the Italians, about whom, the less said the better.
Their mates in 6, 8 and 9 Infantry Divisions had been covering themselves in glory, and now Australian 7 Division was about to show the rest of them just what they were capable of. The plan to capture Rhodes was straightforward, the Special Service Brigade and the Australians had rehearsed their moves, the LRDG troops on Rhodes, along with air surveillance, had provided excellent intelligence. The Royal Navy had blockaded the island with such severity that the chances were that the Italians were already on the ropes. The Australians weren’t fooled into believing that it would be a walk-over.
The thing that Mountbatten was most interested in was the role of the DD tanks. He’d watched some of the rehearsals and had been impressed with the way the tanks gave immediate support to the infantry. A couple of tanks had been lost in exercises, and it was clear that the Landing Craft Tanks(2) needed to come pretty close to shore before allowing the tanks to ‘swim’ to the beach. Because there was a slight delay between the tanks arrival on shore and going into action as the swimming screen was ditched, it would be better for the tanks not to be attacking a heavily defended beach.
The beaches chosen for the invasion had been examined to make sure that the tracked vehicles could transition from swimming to driving; that the tanks would be able to drive over the beach without getting bogged down; and that they would be able to exit from the beach onto the island proper. The examination of the beaches had been carried out among others by members of the Folboat section of the Commandoes. These canoeists (later known as the Special Boat Squadron) would be dropped off by Submarine, approach the target beaches and reconnoitre them. Not only would they make drawings of the beach and its defences, but also take samples of the beach material which were examined for the best fit.
The bombardment lifted as the first wave of landing craft approached the shoreline. Through his binoculars Mountbatten could see that the Landing Craft Tank(2) had come to a stop, and although beyond his visual reach, he could imagine the first of the Valiant II* DD tanks driving off the ramp into the water, its crew, other than the driver, sitting on the upper hull in case they had to swim for it. Mountbatten had wanted to be on one of the destroyers that were in close so he could see things better, but Admiral Cunningham did not want to have to report to General Alan Brooke that he'd got the Combined Operations Advisor killed.
The Australian 21 Brigade was at the forefront of this particular landing, on Faliraki Bay. 25 Brigade would be following them as soon as possible. The Australians were to put a blocking force to prevent an Italian response from Rhodes town, while one Battalion, with tank support, was to cross the island to capture the main Italian airbase at Maritsa. Further south, nearer Lindos, the Special Service Brigade, with 18 Brigade in reserve, were landing with a view of capturing the Italian airstrip at Kalathos.
It was all up to the men and machines now, leaving the senior officers, especially observers like Mountbatten, with nothing much to do.
Lord Louis Mountbatten watched through binoculars from the bridge of HMS Ramillies as the old Battleship fired broadside after broadside, the monitor HMS Terror was also firing its two 15-inch guns alongside the battleship. The Combined Operations Advisor to the Chiefs of Staff switched his attention to the line of landing craft heading towards the beach. Mountbatten had spent a few days among the Australians who were on those landing craft. He’s been most impressed by their morale. There had been a fear that the Australians might compare their lot to their forebears heading for Gallipoli, but Mountbatten found no evidence of that. Quite the contrary, the Australian troops could see clearly what the attack on Rhodes would achieve. They also knew they were as well trained, with suitable back up, and, to be honest they were up against the Italians, about whom, the less said the better.
Their mates in 6, 8 and 9 Infantry Divisions had been covering themselves in glory, and now Australian 7 Division was about to show the rest of them just what they were capable of. The plan to capture Rhodes was straightforward, the Special Service Brigade and the Australians had rehearsed their moves, the LRDG troops on Rhodes, along with air surveillance, had provided excellent intelligence. The Royal Navy had blockaded the island with such severity that the chances were that the Italians were already on the ropes. The Australians weren’t fooled into believing that it would be a walk-over.
The thing that Mountbatten was most interested in was the role of the DD tanks. He’d watched some of the rehearsals and had been impressed with the way the tanks gave immediate support to the infantry. A couple of tanks had been lost in exercises, and it was clear that the Landing Craft Tanks(2) needed to come pretty close to shore before allowing the tanks to ‘swim’ to the beach. Because there was a slight delay between the tanks arrival on shore and going into action as the swimming screen was ditched, it would be better for the tanks not to be attacking a heavily defended beach.
The beaches chosen for the invasion had been examined to make sure that the tracked vehicles could transition from swimming to driving; that the tanks would be able to drive over the beach without getting bogged down; and that they would be able to exit from the beach onto the island proper. The examination of the beaches had been carried out among others by members of the Folboat section of the Commandoes. These canoeists (later known as the Special Boat Squadron) would be dropped off by Submarine, approach the target beaches and reconnoitre them. Not only would they make drawings of the beach and its defences, but also take samples of the beach material which were examined for the best fit.
The bombardment lifted as the first wave of landing craft approached the shoreline. Through his binoculars Mountbatten could see that the Landing Craft Tank(2) had come to a stop, and although beyond his visual reach, he could imagine the first of the Valiant II* DD tanks driving off the ramp into the water, its crew, other than the driver, sitting on the upper hull in case they had to swim for it. Mountbatten had wanted to be on one of the destroyers that were in close so he could see things better, but Admiral Cunningham did not want to have to report to General Alan Brooke that he'd got the Combined Operations Advisor killed.
The Australian 21 Brigade was at the forefront of this particular landing, on Faliraki Bay. 25 Brigade would be following them as soon as possible. The Australians were to put a blocking force to prevent an Italian response from Rhodes town, while one Battalion, with tank support, was to cross the island to capture the main Italian airbase at Maritsa. Further south, nearer Lindos, the Special Service Brigade, with 18 Brigade in reserve, were landing with a view of capturing the Italian airstrip at Kalathos.
It was all up to the men and machines now, leaving the senior officers, especially observers like Mountbatten, with nothing much to do.
As well as a member of the Royal Family.
Still taking Rhodes pretty much guts the Italian Presence in the eastern Med as well as practically liberates the majority of the Dodecanese since the Italians can’t hold them if the lose Rhodes and with Crete in Allied hands they are well in the Allied air envelope so they will have to pull back.
On the subject of Oil the Western Allies in certain theaters don't have a problem with supply from well head to end user, even in combat. When you look at the forces in the Middle East and North Africa, you have the ability to supply them without much or if any interdiction by the axis forces. They also have the ability to push POL into Southeast Asia, India, Australia and the Indian Ocean islands due to the lack of German or Japanese interdiction until closer to the combat areas. In the UK itself and Atlantic you have the difficulties going down as the war goes on and the ASW doctrine improving. Even with the worst sinking of ships by the Uboats, you still had plenty of fuel for training,for limited civilian uses, and for you forces to use on a normal basis.
So essentially Dieppe but played as a Pacific island assault? With luck facing the second team on a location the RN can seal off and bottle up should let them learn the lessons Dieppe taught OTL without the mass casualty debacle that involved.
While this (and other Dodecanese) operations will help Britain and Allies develop tactics regarding amphibious assaults, it will also help Germany and Italy develop tactics to fight against them, whereas in OTL America helped develop them during the Island Hopping campaign, far away from Germany and Italy being able to observe for themselves, and then were only really able to be observed by Italy and Germany during the Sicily and Italy campaigns, less than a year before D-Day, during which time Germany was fully occupied with the Eastern Front and reeling from Stalingrad and Soviets starting to go on offensive. Here they, they have an extra year, Case Blue hasn’t yet started, and Soviets are falling back on majority of fronts, so Germany could devote time and resources to develop defenses and tactics against amphibious assaults, which, when Allies are able to invade France, could cause significantly more casualties and be harder for them to win.
overall, this is useful and will result, eventually, in better tactics and equipment, plus more experienced forces, for D-Day, the counterpoint is Germany may be better prepared as well to resist it (don’t think they would win, just purely because of the resources that the Allies can bring to bear, but could result in higher casualties/slower movement
overall, this is useful and will result, eventually, in better tactics and equipment, plus more experienced forces, for D-Day, the counterpoint is Germany may be better prepared as well to resist it (don’t think they would win, just purely because of the resources that the Allies can bring to bear, but could result in higher casualties/slower movement
Ramp-Rat
Monthly Donor
Something in regards to training that needs to be considered, while the British at home needed petroleum products for training. They didn’t need them for the majority of basic training for Commonwealth and Empire forces, nor for advanced training in theatre. And by using the Empire Air Training Scheme, Britain was able to train the majority of its aircrew in a much more benign environment, and without drawing on valuable resources such as fuel, food, and airspace. So unlike the Germans who were short of fuel and in the end had to arm their training aircraft, the British and the Americans were able to train without worrying about the resources they were using, and the ground and airspace being deadicated to training. As with so many things in the war most of the advantages lie with the Anglo Americans, who just have so much stuff in comparison to the Germans.
RR.