Grading 20thC US Presidents
Kennedy was indeed the worst IF he covered up the invasion of ASB!!! Otherwise, it is hard to rank JFK that low.
Students at 3 universities have tossed the Pres rankings question to me for a dozen years. Here is my take:
First, a US President CANNOT control the economic cycle by executive fiat and thus his “grade” cannot be anchored to the curves of the US economy. FDR bought more government strength into the economy than ever before. The Great Depression still got worse under his watch long before war spending and mobilization brought recovery. Presidents can have some influence, but it is folly to judge FDR a failure as President because the US economy got worse. Likewise, Clinton cannot be a success based solely because the US economy was humming [or at least pre-ENRON hundreds of companies reported great earnings that were later “revised” downward.]
Second, foreign policy must be judged in the context of national polices at the time that transcended a single President. The earlier posts on Bay of Pigs correctly argue that some actions were broadly US policy and not solely under the banner of 1 President. JFK can “lose points” for Bay of Pigs, but the whole failure is not JFK’s.
Third, ranking the Presidents is worthless if the grader’s personal politics trump the actual record. I could hate Reagan for certain policies, but to rank his 2 terms among the worst Presidencies… that would be intellectual dishonesty.
17 Presidents: six good, six passed as average, five judged and found Failures.
William McKinley (1897-1901) Nine months of 20th Century = no grade
Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909) Good. Effective Executive who set and met goals
William Howard Taft (1909-1913) Average
Woodrow Wilson (1913-1921) Good. While his world vision was unrealized, Wilson understood when it was time for war and unlike LBJ and others let his generals execute the details.
Warren G. Harding (1921-1923) Fail. Scandals blight his limited time.
Calvin Coolidge (1923-1929) Average.
Herbert Clark Hoover (1929-1933) Fail. Do no harm needed to be in his oath.
Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1933-1945) Good. Clearly an epic American leader even if a pariah to conservatives.
Harry S Truman (1945-1953) Good. Upon Historical reflection, Truman made many great decisions in diverse areas. A good leader who used Nukes to end one war but refused to use nukes to expand another.
Dwight David Eisenhower (1953-1961) Good. He fulfilled his elected mandate to end active hostilities in Korea and wage a Cold War. Leadership and restraint in domestic spending, attention to rising civil rights struggle and used U-2 spy knowledge NOT for politics but for limiting the explosion of the arms race. Points lost for BayofP but not enough to --just-- make the cut above average.
John F Kennedy (1961-1963) Average. A mixed record. Undeniable leadership of “free” World and of a “new generation,” increased federal Civil Rights actions although some critical for failing to do more. Undeniable Poor judgements at Bay, and SE Asia. Harsh views on CubaMC ignore the leadership that helped the nukes NOT to fly. Lofty, costly moonshot goal met in part as honorific legacy post-death.
Lyndon B Johnson (1963-1969) Fail. LBJ lost at home and on the road. Passage of Civil Rights laws not enough to raise his grade above the violence on US streets & Vietnam.
Richard M Nixon (1969-1974) Fail. Limited Foreign policy success cannot overcome scandal of presidential abuse of power.
Gerald R Ford (1974-1977) Average
James E Carter (1977-1981) Fail. Economy not under his control but Carter clearly stumbled at home and abroad. Honesty not enough to raise his grade.
Ronald W Reagan (1981-1989) Average. Like Clinton below, scandal was not enough to cripple this master of the television age.
George H W Bush (1989-1993) Good. Like Truman, history is proving more kind than the initial vote out of office. Application of US Power and better exits that 21stC foreign actions. Recession not his fault any more than Truman.
William J Clinton (1993-2001) Average. Personal scandals and 2nd impeachment in US history are marks against him. Perjury by Chief Executive is never a good thing.