The eagle's left head

Sooo 1360s map already! Some notes:
- Naples: Split Hungarian Naples and Abruzzo from Naples Angevin
- Serbia: Split rebellious nobility provinces in the South and Albania independence movement from Serbia
- ERE: Sadly Adrianople has fallen along with Didymotichon, so that swath is now dark green...
- BSH: Name change! Font change to go along with empire rank! Currently considering a color change as well...
ELH-Plain-1360s.png
 
Well speaking about this Peter led a fleet of 165 ships in Alexandria including 31 war galleys with 10,000 men and 1,400 knights. This was a very substantial fleet and army... particularly in view of the population of Cyprus which was 168,000 people in 1489 and 217,000 in 1540 thus likely quite a bit lower in 1365 with the plague still not quite ended. I do wonder what that fleet composition was since I very much doubt all 31 galleys came from Cyprus.

That's a very good question. A few thoughts on the military power of Cyprus:

Other than the 1365 Crusade, we have the following figures for cypriot naval power:
- In 1322, the Lusignan dispatched 3 galleys and 3 fustas to assist Cilician Armenia.
- In 1343, 4 galleys took part in the Naval League.
- In 1363, 8 galleys participated in a raid against Anemur.
- In 1367, 10 galleys were sent to support the garrison of Corycos against the emir of Karaman.

When it comes to the 1365 Crusade, I believe the numbers of 31 galleys and 165 ships in total to be right. After all, many sources seem to provide the same number. Of these galleys, it is fair to assume that 4 were Hospitaller from Rhodes, 3-6 Genoese (3 dispatched initially and followed by other 3 and we know that in Alexandria there were 5 genoese ships filled with loot) and Venice had promised 12 galleys. Since there is no further mention of venetian numbers, then it makes sense that they followed through with their pledge. After all, in 1362-65 they were friendlier to Peter than the Genoese. In the late 1350s and early 1360s there 2 papal galleys operating with the Cypriots, so it would make sense that they would be part of the Alexandrian Crusade.

Considering the above and the mention that the Cypriots participate with 20 warships in the armada, I estimate that this force was comprised of 10 galleys and 10 galliots/fustas.

When it comes to the number of men, let's say that the 10k infantry and 1,4k calvary is a correct estimate - even though in history when I see the number 10k I am often afraid that it means "a great many". There were around 1,000 men from Aquitaine of which 100 were knights. The Knights of Rhodes must have provided at least 160 knights. It seems also that the Franco-Germans were at least as many as the Anglo-Gascons. Before departing Venice, Peter had hired 600 men-at-arms and 500 horses, along with many sailors and servants. Considering that his long trip around Europe with his entourage (200 knights at some point) was pretty expensive, we can assume that these mercenaries were funded with papal money and other donations.

When the Kingdom of Jerusalem fell, the Lusignan carved out fiefs in Cyprus for 300 knights and 200 squires (other sources say sergeants). The question is whther these fiefs included those of the Military Orders. I don't think so. During the Siege of Ruad, the military orders provided 300 men and I would assume that these were supported by the rents of their fiefs in Cyprus. Later on, de Villaret attacked Cyprus with 41 knights and men-at-arms and 500 soldiers. I would think that some of these men were mercenaries and their salaries were part of the Order's running debt. Overall, let's say that the military orders have the equivalent of another 300 knightly fiefs. That would make a total of 800 heavy horse before the Plague.
 
When it comes to the number of men, let's say that the 10k infantry and 1,4k calvary is a correct estimate - even though in history when I see the number 10k I am often afraid that it means "a great many". There were around 1,000 men from Aquitaine of which 100 were knights. The Knights of Rhodes must have provided at least 160 knights. It seems also that the Franco-Germans were at least as many as the Anglo-Gascons. Before departing Venice, Peter had hired 600 men-at-arms and 500 horses, along with many sailors and servants. Considering that his long trip around Europe with his entourage (200 knights at some point) was pretty expensive, we can assume that these mercenaries were funded with papal money and other donations.
At Κhoirokοitia two generations later Janus had 1,600 knights and 4,000 infantry. It's not unreasonably to have this as a ballpark estimation of the Cypriot. If you add other crusading contingents...
 
At Κhoirokοitia two generations later Janus had 1,600 knights and 4,000 infantry. It's not unreasonably to have this as a ballpark estimation of the Cypriot. If you add other crusading contingents...
Sounds about right! Perhaps a bit fewer now that less time has passed since the plague.

For comparisons shake in OTL the population of the regno went down from 1.989 million to 1.1 million. If you subtract the areas grabbed liberated by the Sicilians we go from 1.003 million down to 670,395.
670k with Abruzzo and Capitanata included, right?

It seems that most of the fighting has been around Campania and that has been the case for a decade now since the Hungarians invaded. I would bet that Campania is the region that has been devastated the most. Abruzzo didn't have any significant amount of royal demesne and royal castles. That's why I think that most of the fighting Lalle did to conquer the province would have been blockading castles of other nobles to "persuade" them to join him and recognize him as signore. Nothing like the war south between the two angevin branches. Especially since we don't hear of battles in Abruzzo and Lalle taking quite some time to gain the whole province. Overall, it seems that Abruzzo has escaped the worst.

With Louis depending in such a reduced population and with a destroyed economy, he cannot have a large royal army. And a 5,500-strong army is a pretty decent one. I think it indicates that most men are feudal levies. Louis simply doesn't have the coin to pay a large mercenary army and without Capitanata he has a very limited royal demesne. Therefore, it seems that the barons have the upper hand, not unlikely Frederickian Sicily. And we all saw how it went, both in OTL and TTL.

Then it is the matter of Capitanata. If the Hungarians are defeated, I doubt Syracuse would leave the Regno's breadbasket to be gained by Naples. Not when it provides an open road to invade Bari. At some point, the Capitanata Apulians will see how their compatriots in Bari and Otranto are faring and they might prefer Alexandros over Louis. After all, they were not ruled by barons before. If they see Louis carving out his royal demesne to barons, they won't like it, not one bit.
 
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So, if I count right, at this point in the TL, Lascarid Greece has had five years of peace (not counting that 'scuffle' with Ioannis V or the anti piracy campaign against the beyliks of Ionia), Italy has had seven years of tranquility since the truce with Louis I of Taranto, and war has not visited the island of Sicily for almost twelve. I hope that would have helped them to catch their breath before the "next round"...

Especially if the Cypriots of Peter, in cahoots with the Hospitalers, Kantakouzenos, the Pope, the Venetians, and else, pull a "Pearl Harbor" on Piraeus and Athens, like OTL Alexandrian crusade.
 
Especially if the Cypriots of Peter, in cahoots with the Hospitalers, Kantakouzenos, the Pope, the Venetians, and else, pull a "Pearl Harbor" on Piraeus and Athens, like OTL Alexandrian crusade.
If they try an Alexandrian Raid against Piraeus, they will be sorely disappointed. Alexandria worked for two reasons:

The Crusaders concentrated in Rhodes, then sailed east to Cape Chelidonia and then straight across the open sea to Alexandria. Aegean's geography prohibits such move and they will be detected early enough. In the best case, they sail to Crete first or concentrate there. But such move would be alarming since if they wanted to sail straight to Egypt that's not the best road - they should concentrate further east. Even so, they will have to pass by Cyclades and the Saronic to reach Piraeus. A huge fleet passing by the shores will raise even greater alarm.

Then, when the crusader fleet arrived off Alexandria, it was mistaken for a venetian trading fleet that would arrive/arrived at these dates. Due to the nature of the mamluk trade, the venetians would send huge convoys instead of sailing there independently. It wouldn't work at Piraeus, because there is no reason for the Venetians to use trading fleets betwee the city and Negroponte. It will be assumed that this is a hostile fleet and there are no other targets around. There is also the fact that plenty of Sicilians will be trading in Cyprus, while the Mamluks were not seafaring traders in the Mediterranean. So there will be plenty of ears around that may see or hear something interesting.

Overall, Peter and the Venetians can attack Piraeus but they cannot hope to achieve surprise as in Alexandria.
 
To concentrate further east than Crete means Cyprus, since they don't have Rhodes, thus maybe a bit too far east; so I think Crete is still possible or credible as an assembly point.

Then, there still can be a case of stupids.
Alexandros may be wary and suspicious of an alledged crusade against Alexandria, but if he's not there to monitor personally the situation, is it possible that a katepan whose attention might be caught elsewhere, looking north to Serbs and the Ottomans or busy dealing with Turkish pirates near the Ionian coast, would be susceptible to underestimate the danger, even in spite of possible instructions by Alexandros, and be surprised, if say, the "crusader" fleet sailed north from Chania straight to Piraeus ?

Or in a more sinister and macchiavelian move, could Alexandros leave the door open on purpose? After all, Lascaris did hint that Alexandros knowingly sent off the rough Kalothetos to Ioannis V's court to cause an incident that would give him a pretext to cut ties.
So, what's seemingly buying into the Crusaders' deception, and letting a raid happen that would cause such an uproar that Alexandros could then convince his parliament to support yet another war of "defensive conquest" (mind you, Crete, Eubeoa, Karpathos, Cyprus, and Modon would be nice additions to the Lascarid empire)? It could be also that the Lascarid fleet supposed to be away battling Turkish pirates was in fact closer to home and would "stumble" upon the crusaders before or while they retire from Attica, and "avenge" the raid. Of course, Alexandros could plausibly count on Louis of Hungary to keep the Venetians busy.

And oh gosh, these horses in Venice would really look nice in Syracuse...
 
Part 67
Syracuse, September 1360

"A girl, your serenity!" the midwife announced as she brought the newborn. Alexandros smiled at his new daughter and wondered what she should be named. Adrienne, Ioanna, Anna, Maria. Irene after his maternal grandmother sounded right. As for a son, he and Agnes had at least a decade ahead to keep trying...

Bologna, September 1360


A Hungarian army of 7,000 men had been sent to Italy ostensibly to support papal forces against Bernabo Visconti. Instead they had attacked their Neapolitan rivals thought the spring and the summer, capturing several castles before finally showing under the walls of Bologna. The Hungarians would raid and loot the surrounding areas but fail to make any permanent gains against the Milanese.

Epirus, March 1361


The war between Radoslav Hlapen and Simeon Uros Palaiologos entered its second year. The two rulers domains were roughly comparable in population, with Hlapen having the slight advantage in numbers. Stefan Uros V the new emperor of Serbia was both weak and not particularly interested in reining over his two vassals, after all Simeon was the emperor's uncle and a rival for the Serbian throne.

San Ruffillo, Italy, July 1361


A joinn Papal-Hungarian-German army under Galeotto I Malatesta severely defeated the Milanese army. With Visconti defeated the Hungarians would turn again south in the continuing war on the regno...

Thessaloniki, August 1361


Alexandros Philanthropenos, archon of Thessaloniki read once more the reports of the skirmishing on the borders between the commune and the Serb held territories. Thessaloniki was directly bordering with Hlapen to the west and with dowager empress Helena to the east. With Dusan dead neither cared much about strictly adhering to the peace treaty which was frustrating to say the least. Alexandros was quite tempted to take more drastic measures with either Hlapen or Helena if not both but he recognized that at the moment Thessaloniki was an island surrounded by Serb lands and taking on either of the two Serb magnates would require mobilizing the rest of Greece thus effectively restarting the war with Serbia. That was a decision for his cousin to take...

Attaleia (Antalya), August 1361

A Cypriot fleet of 120 ships after king Peter I descended upon the city seizing it from Mehmed bey of Teke. The Cypriot king would place a garrison on the city and make arrangement to receive tribute from the bey before returning to Cyprus. But his offer to grand master Roger de Pins for the Hospitallers to take over the city was refused. The grand master had no interest in getting the order into an endless war in Anatolia. Instead he kept his eyes focused on regaining Rhodes from the Sicilians.

Bursa, March 1362


Orhan, second sultan of the Ottoman empire died after a reign of thirty years. His eldest son Suleiman bey would normally become the new sultan. But as soon as their father, his younger brother Murad the governor of Bursa would rise up claiming the throne. Murad taking advantage of his position in the capital would quickly execute Ibrahim bey the second eldest son, then governor of Eskisehir, the Greek Dorylaion, and Halil bey, the youngest brother and son of Theodora Kantakouzenos. Suleiman would prove a tougher opponent though and gathering his army in Adrianople would march south to settle the succesion on the battlefield. But Lala Sahin pasha the beylerbey of Rumeli would rise behind him in support of Murad. Caught between Murad who had landed with an army of his own in Gallipoli and Lala Sahin pasha in his rear Suleimam would be quickly defeated and killed as well leaving Murad as the undisputed sultan. The same year Murad would lead his army against the Karamanids and the beys of Ankara.

Naples, May 1362


Louis of Taranto, king of Sicily lay dead. Not much remained of the kingdom under the control of his widow. Successive Hungarian campaigns in 1257, 1358, 1360, and 1361 had crushed what little recovery had been made in the aftermath of the peace treaty with Sicily. If Joanna could not had counted on her Provencal incomes Neapolitan resistance would had already collapsed. But even with French mercenaries Joanna barely controlled Terra di Lavoro and the Hungarians were already making inroads there endangering Naples...

Zagreb, June 1362


With war with Serbia over king Louis of Hungary had begun preparing for war with Venice. But his plans were derailed after a serious diplomatic incident erupted between Louis and emperor Charles IV after Charles IV and Rudolf IV of Austria had allied the previous year against the patriarch of Aquileia, a Hungarian ally and then Charles IV had insulted Louis mother in front of Hungarian envoys. Thus Louis preparations had instead turned against Bohemia with the Hungarian king concentrating his army in Slovakia. The mediation of king Casimir III of Poland would stop the eruption of the war but it would take several months for the crisis to end.

Syracuse, July 1362


The sixth daughter of Alexandros II and Agnes, Margaret was born...

Bosnia, May 1363


With the crisis with Bohemia resolved, Louis turned his attention to Bosnia were ban Tvrtko was showing dangerous signs of independence invading it. The campaign would have mixed results with Louis returning to Hungary in August.

Crete, August 1363

Venice was not blind to the Hungarian threat and was promptly taking measures to meet it. But the measures would violently backfire when additional taxation in Crete would lead to revolt of not just the Greek Cretans under Ioannis Kallergis but also the Venetian colonists under Marco Gradenigo who would proclaim the island the independent republic of Saint Titus...
 
It would be nice to see the Lascarids go against the trope and manage a female succession fairly well. There's no uncle or other obvious candidate. If they are careful with their daughters marriages it could be mostly okay. They are more pragmatic then their rivals after all.
 
Funny how the image of a loyal vassal to the throne(Anjou-Hungary) would mean that Greece had never been more under Angevine rule... :)
 
The sixth daughter of Alexandros II and Agnes
Now, in the curse of the next two decades the proud parents would be in the little enviable but vital task for Mediaeval soverigns, from find suitables candidates for their daughters... Also, if the main line won't go extinct, then there would be the potential for the Lascaris-Vatastez to get related to most of the European royal Houses and/or main Aristocratic families... Turning them in the Thirteenth century version of the Habsburgs...
would lead to revolt of not just the Greek Cretans under Ioannis Kallergis but also the Venetian colonists under Marco Gradenigo who would proclaim the island the independent republic of Saint Titus...
Now, this came across as an once in a lifetime opportunity for the Sicilia and
Hellas Basileia...
 
Naples, May 1362

Louis of Taranto, king of Sicily lay dead. Not much remained of the kingdom under the control of his widow. Successive Hungarian campaigns in 1257, 1358, 1360, and 1361 had crushed what little recovery had been made in the aftermath of the peace treaty with Sicily. If Joanna could not had counted on her Provencal incomes Neapolitan resistance would had already collapsed. But even with French mercenaries Joanna barely controlled Terra di Lavoro and the Hungarians were already making inroads there endangering Naples...
This is where you see the true skill of Louis of Hungary.
Not only can he attack you in the present, but also a century in the past at the same time :p
 
If their 7th child is a boy he would be the perfect age to marry Valentina Visconti forging an alliance with the Visconti in northern Italy and if things go as IOTL giving them a claim on Milan.

Can't wait for more.
 

Ramontxo

Donor
If their 7th child is a boy he would be the perfect age to marry Valentina Visconti forging an alliance with the Visconti in northern Italy and if things go as IOTL giving them a claim on Milan.

Can't wait for more.
And if that seventh boy has six daughters and his seventh being another boy then the next Lascaris ruler shall be an powerful warlock...
 
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And if that seventh voy has six daughters and his seventh being another boy then the next Lascaris ruler shall be an powerful warlock...
Assuming there is a 7th one? I think we need to start thinking about who would marry the eldest daughter and potentially become Basileus. A Philanthropenos fellow perhaps? What interesting heirs could she marry?
 
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If their 7th child is a boy he would be the perfect age to marry Valentina Visconti forging an alliance with the Visconti in northern Italy and if things go as IOTL giving them a claim on Milan.

Can't wait for more.
What‘s up with this forum’s obsession with Valentina Visconti?She’s proposed as a bride in a lot of timelines around this period.

BTW, does Louis of Hungary also have a son problem like OTL?
 
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