Borders of Palestine
The borders of Palestine were first laid out in the Faisal-Weizmann agreement signed on 3 January 1919 in Paris before the formal commencement of the Paris Peace Conference, and were later confirmed with minor changes (notably the movement of the northern border about 10km north to the Litani River) in the 1920 Treaty of Sèvres and later the Treaty of Lausanne. The precise line of the border was in the northeast was set at Palestinian insistence by a British survey team in 1925 and confirmed by the Syria-Palestine Border Treaty signed in Damascus in early 1928. To the east, Palestine is bordered in the north by the Mediterranean Sea and in the south by Egypt, following the border set by the Ottoman Empire in 1906, separating the de facto independent Khedivate of Egypt from the Vilyaet of Hejaz and the autonomous Sanjak of Jersualem which were still under Ottoman control. This border roughly follows the line between Rafah and Taba, though the precise line of it was laid out by a mostly British survey team in the years after the treaty. To the east, the border is defined largely by the eastern ridge of the Jordan Valley, though it angles in sharply at the very south to place Aqaba (and the portion of the Hedjaz Railway that links to Aqaba) within Syria. The northern border, originally intended to pass some kilometers south of Tyre, was later adjusted northward to include that city, apparently at the request of the Royal Society, which felt that they would have better access to the site’s antiquities under a Commonwealth government than under the French-influenced Arab government expected in Lebanon. The northeastern border, defining the boundary between Palestine and Syria along the southern portion of the Anti-Lebanon Mountains (commonly called the “Golan Heights”), was drawn with an eye towards water resources, taking the peak of Mount Hermon (Arabic: “Jabal al-Sheikh”), and following ridges from the summit to the south and west, which extend in roughly straight lines to the Jordan Valley and Litani River, respectively.
Within these borders, Palestine is divided into 7 administrative districts: 3 Urban Districts, corresponding to the three largest cities in the nation (Tel Aviv, Jerusalem, and Haifa), and 4 Territorial Districts, corresponding roughly to the four primary biomes present in the state: the sparsely populated South District, synonymous with the Negev Desert; the green North District, comprised of the Galilee; the East District, occupying the Judean Hills; and the West District, sprawling across the Mediterranean coastal plain (“the Sharon”). The districts, it is important to note, are strictly administrative - the Dominion of Palestine is strictly a unitary state, without even a hint of federalism, much to the chagrin of, for example, their Australian allies. While a few powers are devolved onto the districts (in particular, the districts are the primary authorities on the disposition and leasing of public lands, the transfer of private lands, and zoning), the districts are more statistical areas than they are anything approaching federated states.